Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test: Master Biology MCQs

Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test: Master Biology for NEET 2025
📚 Introduction: Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test
The Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test is a comprehensive quiz designed to help NEET aspirants strengthen their understanding of this crucial biology chapter. The Microbes in Human Welfare topic covers a wide array of concepts related to the beneficial uses of microbes in industries, agriculture, medicine, and environmental management. This quiz not only tests your knowledge but also prepares you for the NEET 2025 examination by offering multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that align with the latest NEET syllabus.

Microbes, though microscopic, play a macroscopic role in our lives. They are pivotal in the production of antibiotics, biofertilizers, biopesticides, and biogas. Understanding these concepts is vital for NEET Biology as questions from this chapter often appear in the exam.

🌟 Why Take the Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test?
The Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test offers a platform to assess your preparedness for the NEET exam. The test includes:

Chapter-Specific MCQs: Focused on microbial roles in industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Previous Year Questions (PYQs): Practice real NEET questions from past exams.
Detailed Explanations: Each answer comes with clear explanations, helping you learn from mistakes.
Performance Analysis: Identify strengths and weaknesses to focus on targeted revision.
🧬 Key Topics Covered in Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test
This test covers all important subtopics, including:

Antibiotic Production: Understand how penicillin and other antibiotics are produced using microbes.
Biofertilizers and Biopesticides: Learn how microbes support sustainable agriculture by promoting plant growth and controlling pests.
Microbes in Industry: From fermentation in food production to enzyme manufacturing, microbes play a crucial role.
Biogas Production: Explore the role of anaerobic bacteria in waste management and energy generation.
Environmental Management: How microbes assist in sewage treatment and bioremediation.
📊 Take the Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test
Ready to test your knowledge? Take our Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test now! This quiz includes:

20+ Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) based on NCERT and PYQs.
Real-time Feedback: Get immediate insights into your performance.
Difficulty Levels: Questions range from basic to advanced, catering to all learners.
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📈 How to Prepare for Microbes in Human Welfare for NEET 2025?
To excel in this chapter and ace the NEET exam, follow these tips:

Thoroughly Read NCERT: Most NEET questions are NCERT-based, so focus on all examples and highlighted points.
Make Short Notes: Create flashcards or summaries of key concepts like antibiotics, biofertilizers, and biogas production.
Regular Revision: Go over your notes and study material frequently to retain information.
Practice Previous Year Questions: This will help you understand the exam pattern and important topics.
Take Mock Tests: The Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test on capsuleeducation.in is a great way to evaluate your preparation.

💡 Interesting Facts About Microbes in Human Welfare
Penicillin, the first antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming through a mold called Penicillium notatum.
Rhizobium bacteria help in nitrogen fixation, enhancing soil fertility.
Methanogens, a type of microbe, are instrumental in biogas production from organic waste.
❓ FAQs: Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test
1. How many questions from Microbes in Human Welfare are expected in NEET?
Generally, 1-2 questions appear in the NEET biology section, often focusing on applications of microbes.

2. Is NCERT enough for Microbes in Human Welfare?
Yes, NCERT is sufficient, but practicing MCQs and PYQs will enhance your exam readiness.

3. What are the key topics to focus on for NEET?
Focus on antibiotic production, biofertilizers, biogas production, and waste management techniques using microbes.

🔗 Related NEET Chapter Tests:
Biotechnology and Its Applications Test
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Quiz
Cell Cycle and Cell Division Practice MCQs
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Results

#1. Given below are two statements (a) – (b) each with one or more blanks. Select the option which correctly fills the blanks in the statements. Statements: (a) Statins produced by the yeast _____ have been commercialized as blood cholesterol-lowering agents. (b) contains insecticidal crystal proteins thurioside, which is a stomach poison and highly insect-specific.

(a) – Monascus purpureus; (b) – Bacillus thuringiensis

(a) – Leuconostoc citrovorum; (b) – Mucorpusillus

(a) – Streptococcus thermophilus; (b) – Lactobacillus bulgaricus

(a) – Hordeum vulgare; (b) – Humulus lupulus

Answer: (1) (a) – Monascus purpureus; (b) – Bacillus thuringiensis
Explanation: Monascus purpureus is used to produce statins, which lower blood cholesterol. Bacillus thuringiensis produces insecticidal proteins, including thurioside, used as a biopesticide.

#2. Primary treatment of sewage waste involves which of the following processes?

Filtration and incubation

Sedimentation and decantation

Filtration and sedimentation

All of these

Answer: (3) Filtration and sedimentation
Explanation: Primary treatment typically involves filtration to remove large solids and sedimentation to settle out smaller particles.

#3. The puffed-up texture of dosa and idli dough is a result of:

Fermentation by bacteria and the production of O2

Hydrolysis by bacteria and the production of CO2

Fermentation by bacteria and the production of CO2

Hydrolysis by bacteria and the production of O2

Answer: (3) Fermentation by bacteria and the production of CO2
Explanation: In the preparation of dosa and idli, bacteria ferment the dough, producing CO2 which causes it to rise and become fluffy.

#4. The first antibiotic was discovered accidentally by (a) while working on (b). The correct answer is:

(a) – Waksman; (b) – Streptococcus

(a) – Fleming; (b) – Penicillium notatum

(a) – Waksman; (b) – Bacillus brevis

(a) – Fleming; (b) – Staphylococci

Answer: (2) (a) – Fleming; (b) – Penicillium notatum
Explanation: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic, by chance while working with Penicillium notatum.

#5. What is the composition of the biogas?

Methane, carbon dioxide and oxygen

Methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen dioxide

Methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen

Methane, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide

Answer: (3) Methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen
Explanation: Biogas typically consists of methane, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases like hydrogen.

#6. __ are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods. The majority of these used as biological control agents belong to _.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Archaebacteria

Methanogens; Eubacteria

Trichoderma polysporum; Deutromycetes

Baculoviruses; Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Answer: (4) Baculoviruses; Nucleopolyhedrovirus
Explanation: Baculoviruses, especially those from the genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus, are used as biological control agents against insects.

#7. What is the mode of bacterial resistance against antibiotics?

Development of thick mucilaginous layer

Alteration of cell membrane

Mutation in bacteria

All of these

Answer: (4) All of these
Explanation: Bacteria can develop resistance through various mechanisms, including mutations, alteration of the cell membrane, and the production of a mucilaginous layer that prevents the drug from entering the cell.

#8. BOD can be defined as

amount of CO2 consumed if all the inorganic matter in one litre of water is oxidized by bacteria.

amount of O2 consumed if all the organic matter in one decilitre of water is reduced by bacteria.

amount of O2 consumed if all the organic matter in one litre of water is oxidized by bacteria.

amount of O2 consumed if all the inorganic matter in one litre of water is oxidized by bacteria.

Answer: (3) amount of O2 consumed if all the organic matter in one litre of water is oxidized by bacteria.
Explanation: BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) measures the oxygen consumed by bacteria while decomposing organic material in water.

#9. Given below are two statements (a) – (b) each with one or more blanks. Select the option which correctly fills the blanks in the statements. Statements: (a) Microbes consume the major part of organic matter in the effluent and reduce of sewage. (b) Certain bacteria which grow anaerobically on cellulosic material produce large amounts of methane along with CO2 and H2. The bacteria are commonly called and one such common bacterium is ______.

(a) – CO2 demand; (b) – methanogens, Methanobacterium

(a) – carbon; (b) – methanogens, Methanobacterium

(a) – biochemical oxygen demand; (b) – methanogens, Methanobacterium

(a) – biochemical oxygen demand; (b) – methanogens, Methylokorusinfernorum

Answer: (3) (a) – biochemical oxygen demand; (b) – methanogens, Methanobacterium
Explanation: Microbes reduce the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in sewage by decomposing organic matter. Methanogens are anaerobic bacteria that produce methane, and Methanobacterium is a common example.

#10. Which microbe produces butyric acid?

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Clostridium butylicum

Aspergillus niger

Propionibacterium shermanii

Answer: (2) Clostridium butylicum
Explanation: Clostridium butylicum is known for producing butyric acid during its metabolic processes.

#11. The Ministry of Environment and Forest has initiated the Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan (a) to save these major rivers of our country from pollution. (b) to build a large number of sewage treatment plants. (c) to check that only treated sewage is discharged in the river.

(a) and (b) are correct

(b) and (c) are correct

(a) and (c) are correct

All are correct

Answer: (4) All are correct
Explanation: The Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan aim to clean and rejuvenate these rivers by controlling pollution, building sewage treatment plants, and ensuring that only treated sewage is discharged into

#12. A drug used for (a) patients is obtained from the species of (b) organism. The correct pair for the blanks is:

Swine flu – Monascus

AIDS – Pseudomonas

Heart – Penicillium

Organ transplant – Trichoderma

Answer: (4) Organ transplant – Trichoderma
Explanation: Cyclosporin A, a drug used in organ transplants, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum.

#13. Which one of the following statements is false? (a) Cyanobacteria are autotrophic microbes widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments. (b) Anabaena, Nostoc and Oscillatoria are photosynthetic oxygenic nitrogen fixers. (c) BGA can increase rice production. (d) BGA adds organic matter to the soil and increases its fertility. (e) In our country, biofertilizers are not available commercially in the markets for farmers.

Only (e)

Only (d)

Only (c)

None of these

Answer: (1) Only (e)
Explanation: Biofertilizers, including cyanobacteria (BGA), are available commercially in India to improve soil fertility and increase crop production.

#14. Which of the following statement is incorrect with respect to pectinases?

They are used in clearing of fruit juices.

They are used in chill proofing beer and whisky.

They are obtained from Byssochlamysfulva.

They are used in retting of fibres.

Answer: (3) They are obtained from Byssochlamysfulva.
Explanation: Pectinases are typically obtained from fungi such as Aspergillus or Trichoderma species, not Byssochlamysfulva.

#15. What beneficial role does LAB play in the human stomach?

It causes souring of milk, decreasing nutritional quality.

It increases vitamin D production.

It checks the growth of disease-causing microbes.

It produces alkali, coagulating and partially digesting milk proteins.

Answer: (3) It checks the growth of disease-causing microbes
Explanation: LAB in the stomach help prevent harmful microbes from proliferating, aiding digestion and improving gut health.

#16. Which of the following beliefs would an organic farmer disagree with?

The more variety a landscape has, the more sustainable it is.

Insects called pests should be controlled by chemical insecticides and pesticides.

Plant diseases and pests should be managed through chemical means.

Pest eradication is undesirable because pests serve as food or hosts for beneficial insects.

Answer: (2) Insects called pests should be controlled by chemical insecticides and pesticides.
Explanation: Organic farmers avoid chemical pesticides and instead rely on natural pest control methods and biodiversity.

#17. Mycorrhizal associations are formed by fungi and plants. The genus is commonly involved in forming these associations, and it absorbs from the soil and transfers it to the plant.

Aspergillus; sulphur

Agaricus; nitrogen

Boletus; boron

Glomus; phosphorus

Answer: (4) Glomus; phosphorus
Explanation: The genus Glomus is well-known for forming mycorrhizal associations, where it helps plants by absorbing phosphorus from the soil and transferring it to the plants.

#18. Which of the following is included in biopesticides?

Viruses and bacteria only

Viruses, bacteria and fungi

Viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa

Viruses, bacteria and protozoa

Answer: (2) Viruses, bacteria and fungi
Explanation: Biopesticides include microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi used to control pests.

#19. Which of the following describes Swiss cheese?

Ripened, moisture content 45%, hard cheese

Large holes, moisture content < 45%, hard cheese

Processed, large holes, moisture content 50%

Raw cheese, semisoft, large holes

Answer: (2) Large holes, moisture content < 45%, hard cheese
Explanation: Swiss cheese is characterized by its large holes formed during fermentation and has a moisture content below 45%, making it a harder cheese.

#20. The enzyme (a) is used to remove blood clots in patients who have undergone (b) leading to heart attacks. The correct answer is:

(a) – Streptokinase; (b) – Myocardial infarction

(a) – Lipase; (b) – Arteriosclerosis

(a) – Proteases; (b) – Myocardial infarction

(a) – Pectinases; (b) – Atherosclerosis

Answer: (1) (a) – Streptokinase; (b) – Myocardial infarction
Explanation: Streptokinase is used to dissolve blood clots in patients with heart attacks (myocardial infarction).

#21. Treatment of wastewater is done by the

photoautotrophic microbes, naturally present in sewage.

chemoautotrophic microbes, naturally present in sewage.

heterotrophic microbes naturally present in sewage.

heterotrophic microbes inoculated in the sewage from outside only.

Answer: (3) heterotrophic microbes naturally present in sewage.
Explanation: Heterotrophic microbes are the primary agents in the biological treatment of sewage, as they break down organic matter.

#22. Which of the following statements are incorrect about microbes in food production and health? (a) Dough for dosa and idli is fermented by fungi and algae. (b) Toddy is made by fermenting palm sap. (c) The large holes in Swiss cheese are due to methane production by Propionibacterium shermanii. (d) LAB in the stomach help control disease-causing microbes. Which two statements are incorrect?

(a) and (c)

(a) and (b)

(b) and (c)

Answer: (1) (a) and (c)
Explanation: Dosa and idli dough is fermented by bacteria, not fungi or algae. Additionally, large holes in Swiss cheese are due to CO2 production, not methane.

#23. What happens to activated sludge?

It is generally released into natural water bodies like rivers and streams.

It is completely pumped back into aeration tank to serve as inoculum.

The major part of the sludge is pumped into large tanks called anaerobic sludge digesters.

It undergoes sequential filtration.

Answer: (3) The major part of the sludge is pumped into large tanks called anaerobic sludge digesters.
Explanation: Activated sludge is sent to anaerobic digesters for further treatment and decomposition.

#24. The remaining major part of activated sludge is pumped into large tanks called ________.

aerobic fermenters

anaerobic fermenters

aerobic sludge digesters

anaerobic sludge digesters

Answer: (4) anaerobic sludge digesters
Explanation: In anaerobic sludge digesters, the remaining organic matter in activated sludge is decomposed without oxygen.

#25. The drugs commonly administered before and after organ transplants are-

Immunomodulators.

Immunosuppressants.

Vaccinations.

Anabolic steroids.

Answer: (2) Immunosuppressants.
Explanation: Immunosuppressants are used to prevent the immune system from rejecting transplanted organs.

#26. Which of the following statements is true about biofertilizers and microorganisms? (a) All cyanobacteria are nitrogen-fixing organisms. (b) Biofertilizers mainly consist of bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria. (c) Azospirillum and Azotobacter are non-symbiotic nitrogen fixers. (d) Microbes like bacteria and fungi can form visible colonies on nutrient media but are too small to be seen with the naked eye

All are correct

All are wrong

(a), (c) and (d) are wrong

Only (a) is wrong

Answer: (3) (a), (c) and (d) are wrong
Explanation: Not all cyanobacteria fix nitrogen, and Azospirillum and Azotobacter are non-symbiotic nitrogen fixers, meaning they don’t form associations with plants. Microbes are often too small to be seen without a microscope.

#27. Which of the following is false regarding the functions of mycorrhiza?

More susceptibility to diseases

Resistance to root-borne pathogens

Tolerance to salinity and drought

Overall increase in plant growth and development

Answer: (1) More susceptibility to diseases
Explanation: Mycorrhizae generally provide resistance to diseases, rather than increasing susceptibility.

#28. Which one of the following is an example of carrying out biological control of pests/disease using microbes?

Trichoderma sp. against certain plant pathogens

Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) against white rust in Brassica

Bt cotton to increase cotton yield.

Lady bird beetle against aphids in mustard

Answer: (1) Trichoderma sp. against certain plant pathogens
Explanation: Trichoderma species are used in biological control of plant pathogens.

#29. Which of the following statements are false? (a) Word antibiotic is a misnomer. Anti is a Greek word that means against life (in the context of disease-causing organisms) whereas with reference to human beings they are pro-life and not against. (b) Flocs are masses of bacteria with interwoven fungal filaments forming mesh-like structures. (c) Components in biogas are carbon dioxide (CO2, 25–35%), hydrogen (H2, 1–5%), nitrogen (N2, 2–7%) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S, traces).

(a) and (b)

(b) and (c)

All of these

None of these

Answer: (3) All of these
Explanation:

Statement (a) is true: The term “antibiotic” is indeed a misnomer because it means “against life,” but antibiotics are pro-life in the context of controlling harmful microorganisms.

Statement (b) is false: Flocs are not a combination of fungal filaments and bacteria; they are bacterial masses.

Statement (c) is correct: The components of biogas include CO2, H2, and H2S in the specified amounts.

#30. Which of the following are advantages of mycorrhizal associations for plants? (a) Resistance to root-borne pathogens (b) Enhanced tolerance to salinity and improved phosphorus absorption (c) Increased drought resistance (d) Overall improvement in plant growth and development

(a) and (b)

(b) and (c)

All of these

Answer: (4) All of these
Explanation: Mycorrhizae provide multiple benefits, including protection against root-borne pathogens, enhanced nutrient uptake (especially phosphorus), tolerance to environmental stresses like drought and salinity, and overall improved plant growth.

#31. What are flocs?

Masses of anaerobic bacteria

Masses of aerobic fungi only

Masses of anaerobic bacteria and fungi

Masses of aerobic bacteria associated with fungal filaments

Answer: (4) Masses of aerobic bacteria associated with fungal filaments
Explanation: Flocs are aggregates of bacteria, often with fungal filaments, that help in wastewater treatment by breaking down organic matter.

#32. Which of the following best describes biofertilizers?

Biofertilizers increase dependence on chemical fertilizers.

Biofertilizers are organisms that enrich soil nutrient quality.

Biofertilizers include potash, phosphatic, and nitrogenous chemical compounds.

Biofertilizers deplete soil nutrients over time.

Answer: (2) Biofertilizers are organisms that enrich soil nutrient quality.
Explanation: Biofertilizers help enrich the soil by fixing nitrogen and promoting plant growth through symbiotic relationships.

#33. Which of the following statements for sewage is correct?

Municipal wastewater whose major component is human excret

It contains large amount of organic matter and non-pathogenic microbes.

It can be discharged directly into natural water bodies like rivers and streams.

It is generated in less quantity in cities and villages as compared to towns.

Answer: (1) Municipal wastewater whose major component is human excreta.
Explanation: Sewage is primarily composed of human excreta, along with other organic waste and wastewater.

#34. The concept of sustainable agriculture emphasizes

minimizing the use of biopesticides.

a greater dependence on new crop varieties.

reducing the use of biofertilizers.

using Bacillus thuringiensis spores for pest control.

Answer: (1) minimizing the use of biopesticides.
Explanation: Sustainable agriculture focuses on maintaining soil health, biodiversity, and reducing harmful chemical inputs, including biopesticides.

#35. The gas produced as end product during growth and metabolism of microbes depends on

nature of microbe and substrate.

nature of digester tank and microbe.

nature of microbe only.

oxygen levels in the digester tank.

Answer: (1) nature of microbe and substrate.
Explanation: The type of gas produced depends on both the microbe involved and the substrate it is metabolizing.

#36. Which of the following benefits are associated with mycorrhizae? (a) Protection against root-borne pathogens (b) Enhanced tolerance to salinity and improved phosphorus absorption (c) Increased resistance to drought (d) Overall growth and development of plants is boosted

(a) and (b)

(b) and (c)

All of these

Answer: (4) All of these
Explanation: Mycorrhizae provide various benefits to plants, including resistance to root-borne pathogens, tolerance to salinity and drought, and an overall increase in plant growth and development.

#37. Cyclosporin A, a drug used to prevent organ transplant rejection, is produced by the fungus:

Trichoderma polysporum.

Penicillium notatum.

Micromonospora.

Aspergillus niger.

Answer: (1) Trichoderma polysporum.
Explanation: Cyclosporin A is produced by Trichoderma polysporum and is an important immunosuppressive drug used to prevent rejection after organ transplants.

#38. The concept of sustainable agriculture focuses on:

Minimizing biopesticides

Greater dependence on new crops

Least use of biofertilizers

Using spores of Bacillus thuringiensis for pest control

Answer: (1) Minimizing biopesticides
Explanation: Sustainable agriculture seeks to balance pest control with minimal environmental impact, reducing dependency on synthetic chemicals.

#39. Identify the incorrect statement. (a) Bacillus thuringiensis are available in sachets as dried spores which are mixed with kerosene and sprayed onto vulnerable plants. (b) B. thuringiensis are used to control butterfly caterpillars, but leave other insects unharmed. (c) The toxin of B. thuringiensis is released in the blood of larvae and the larvae get killed. (d) By the development of methods of genetic engineering B. thuringiensis toxin genes have been introduced into plants.

(a) and (b)

(b) and (c)

(a) and (c)

(b) and (d)

Answer: (3) (a) and (c)
Explanation: While Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are used to control certain pests, they do not release toxins into the blood of larvae but affect the gut. Additionally, they are not typically mixed with kerosene for spraying.

#40. Which belief does not align with organic farming principles?

The more variety a landscape has, the more sustainable it is.

Insects sometimes called pests are not eradicated but are kept at manageable levels by a complex ecosystem.

Chemicals like insecticides and pesticides should be used extensively to control plant diseases and pests.

Pests should not be eradicated because they serve as food for beneficial predatory and parasitic insects.

Answer: (3) Chemicals like insecticides and pesticides should be used extensively to control plant diseases and pests
Explanation: Organic farming avoids extensive use of chemical pesticides in favor of more sustainable pest management strategies.

#41. Which statement about mycorrhizae is incorrect? (a) In ectomycorrhizae, the association between the fungus and the plant is less intimate than in endomycorrhizae. (b) Mycorrhizal associations may have played an important role in the evolution of land plants. (c) The relationship between the fungus and the plant is a mutualistic symbiosis. (d) The fungal partner is only associated with the roots of higher plants, such as angiosperms. (e) Only advanced plants, like angiosperms, possess mycorrhizae.

Only (e)

Only (d)

Only (a) and (c)

Only (b) and (e)

Answer: (1) Only (e)
Explanation: Mycorrhizal associations are not exclusive to angiosperms and can also occur in other plant groups like gymnosperms and ferns.

#42. Before disposal of municipal wastewater and sewage, they are treated in STP in order to make it less polluting. The stage of treatment which comprises use of anaerobic sludge digester is

primary.

secondary.

tertiary.

quaternary.

Answer: (2) secondary.
Explanation: The anaerobic sludge digester is typically used during the secondary treatment of wastewater to break down organic matter and reduce the sludge.

#43. Identify the incorrect statement with respect to biogas plant.

It consists of a concrete tank, 10–15ft deep in which bio-wastes are collected and slurry of dung is fed.

A floating cover is placed over the slurry, which keeps on rising as the gas is consumed in the tank.

It has an outlet, which is connected to a pipe to supply biogas to nearby houses.

The spent slurry is removed and may be used as fertiliser.

Answer: (2) A floating cover is placed over the slurry, which keeps on rising as the gas is consumed in the tank.
Explanation: In a biogas plant, the floating cover rises as biogas is produced, not as gas is consumed. The cover collects the gas produced.

#44. The large holes in Swiss cheese are due to CO2 production by which microbe?

Lactobacillus

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Propionibacterium shermani

Aspergillus niger

Answer: (3) Propionibacterium shermanii
Explanation: Propionibacterium shermanii produces CO2 during fermentation, which forms the characteristic holes in Swiss cheese.

#45. Trichoderma polysporum yields a bioactive compound used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplantation. This compound is:

Polysporin

Cyclosporin

Pentacyclosporin

Cyclohydrosporin

Answer: (2) Cyclosporin
Explanation: Cyclosporin is an immunosuppressive drug derived from Trichoderma polysporum, used to prevent organ rejection after transplants.

#46. Different varieties of cheese are typically identified by their: (a) Texture (b) Flavor (c) Taste (d) Source Which combination of factors best describes how cheese varieties are known?

(b) and (c)

(a) and (c)

(a), (b), and (c)

(b), (c), and (d)

Answer: (3) (a), (b), and (c)
Explanation: The distinct textures, flavors, and tastes of cheese define its variety. The source of cheese is also important, but not as crucial in this context.

#47. Choose the correct option regarding the following two statements: (a) Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) convert milk into curd. (b) LAB create an acidic environment that helps coagulate and digest milk proteins. Which of the following is true?

Both statements (a) and (b) are true

Both statements (a) and (b) are false

Statement (a) is true, but (b) is false

(4) Statement (b) is true, but (a) is false

Answer: (1) Both statements (a) and (b) are true
Explanation: LAB play an essential role in curdling milk by producing lactic acid, which acidifies the milk and helps coagulate the proteins.

#48. An important yeast, often referred to as baker’s yeast, is central to food production and was the first unicellular eukaryotic organism to have its entire genome sequenced. This yeast is:

Schizosaccharomyces

Saccharomycoides

Ashbya

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Answer: (4) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Explanation: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used in baking and brewing. It was the first eukaryotic genome to be sequenced, making it significant in genetics and biotechnology.

#49. All are correct with respect to BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) except one. Identify it.

It refers to the amount of oxygen that would be consumed if all the organic matter in one litre of water were oxidized by bacteria.

The BOD test is a measure of the organic matter present in the water.

The greater the BOD of wastewater, less is its polluting potential.

Wastewater is treated till BOD is reduced significantly

Answer: (3) The greater the BOD of wastewater, less is its polluting potential.
Explanation: The greater the BOD, the more pollution potential the wastewater has, as it indicates a higher amount of organic matter to be decomposed.

#50. Pro-life chemicals with reference to human beings:

are regarded as one of the most significant discoveries of the twenty-first century.

have rarely contributed to human welfare.

are produced by some plants and all animals.

can kill or retard the growth of disease-causing microbes.

Answer: (4) can kill or retard the growth of disease-causing microbes.
Explanation: Pro-life chemicals are those that help prevent or control diseases by inhibiting harmful microbes.

Finish

Results

#2. Primary treatment of sewage waste involves which of the following processes?

#3. The puffed-up texture of dosa and idli dough is a result of:

#4. The first antibiotic was discovered accidentally by (a) while working on (b). The correct answer is:

#5. What is the composition of the biogas?

#6. ____________ are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods. The majority of these used as biological control agents belong to ___________.

#7. What is the mode of bacterial resistance against antibiotics?

#8. BOD can be defined as

#10. Which microbe produces butyric acid?

#11. The Ministry of Environment and Forest has initiated the Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan (a) to save these major rivers of our country from pollution. (b) to build a large number of sewage treatment plants. (c) to check that only treated sewage is discharged in the river.

#12. A drug used for (a) patients is obtained from the species of (b) organism. The correct pair for the blanks is:

#14. Which of the following statement is incorrect with respect to pectinases?

#15. What beneficial role does LAB play in the human stomach?

#16. Which of the following beliefs would an organic farmer disagree with?

#17. Mycorrhizal associations are formed by fungi and plants. The genus ________ is commonly involved in forming these associations, and it absorbs ________ from the soil and transfers it to the plant.

#18. Which of the following is included in biopesticides?

#19. Which of the following describes Swiss cheese?

#20. The enzyme (a) is used to remove blood clots in patients who have undergone (b) leading to heart attacks. The correct answer is:

#21. Treatment of wastewater is done by the

#23. What happens to activated sludge?

#24. The remaining major part of activated sludge is pumped into large tanks called ________.

#25. The drugs commonly administered before and after organ transplants are-

#27. Which of the following is false regarding the functions of mycorrhiza?

#28. Which one of the following is an example of carrying out biological control of pests/disease using microbes?

#30. Which of the following are advantages of mycorrhizal associations for plants? (a) Resistance to root-borne pathogens (b) Enhanced tolerance to salinity and improved phosphorus absorption (c) Increased drought resistance (d) Overall improvement in plant growth and development

#31. What are flocs?

#32. Which of the following best describes biofertilizers?

#33. Which of the following statements for sewage is correct?

#34. The concept of sustainable agriculture emphasizes

#35. The gas produced as end product during growth and metabolism of microbes depends on

#36. Which of the following benefits are associated with mycorrhizae? (a) Protection against root-borne pathogens (b) Enhanced tolerance to salinity and improved phosphorus absorption (c) Increased resistance to drought (d) Overall growth and development of plants is boosted

#37. Cyclosporin A, a drug used to prevent organ transplant rejection, is produced by the fungus:

#38. The concept of sustainable agriculture focuses on:

#40. Which belief does not align with organic farming principles?

#42. Before disposal of municipal wastewater and sewage, they are treated in STP in order to make it less polluting. The stage of treatment which comprises use of anaerobic sludge digester is

#43. Identify the incorrect statement with respect to biogas plant.

#44. The large holes in Swiss cheese are due to CO2 production by which microbe?

#45. Trichoderma polysporum yields a bioactive compound used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplantation. This compound is:

#46. Different varieties of cheese are typically identified by their: (a) Texture (b) Flavor (c) Taste (d) Source Which combination of factors best describes how cheese varieties are known?

#47. Choose the correct option regarding the following two statements: (a) Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) convert milk into curd. (b) LAB create an acidic environment that helps coagulate and digest milk proteins. Which of the following is true?

#48. An important yeast, often referred to as baker’s yeast, is central to food production and was the first unicellular eukaryotic organism to have its entire genome sequenced. This yeast is:

#49. All are correct with respect to BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) except one. Identify it.

#50. Pro-life chemicals with reference to human beings:

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#6. __ are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods. The majority of these used as biological control agents belong to _.

#17. Mycorrhizal associations are formed by fungi and plants. The genus is commonly involved in forming these associations, and it absorbs from the soil and transfers it to the plant.