Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test: Master Biology MCQs

Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test: Master Biology for NEET 2025
📚 Introduction: Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test
The Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test is a comprehensive quiz designed to help NEET aspirants strengthen their understanding of this crucial biology chapter. The Microbes in Human Welfare topic covers a wide array of concepts related to the beneficial uses of microbes in industries, agriculture, medicine, and environmental management. This quiz not only tests your knowledge but also prepares you for the NEET 2025 examination by offering multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that align with the latest NEET syllabus.

Microbes, though microscopic, play a macroscopic role in our lives. They are pivotal in the production of antibiotics, biofertilizers, biopesticides, and biogas. Understanding these concepts is vital for NEET Biology as questions from this chapter often appear in the exam.

🌟 Why Take the Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test?
The Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test offers a platform to assess your preparedness for the NEET exam. The test includes:

Chapter-Specific MCQs: Focused on microbial roles in industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Previous Year Questions (PYQs): Practice real NEET questions from past exams.
Detailed Explanations: Each answer comes with clear explanations, helping you learn from mistakes.
Performance Analysis: Identify strengths and weaknesses to focus on targeted revision.
🧬 Key Topics Covered in Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test
This test covers all important subtopics, including:

Antibiotic Production: Understand how penicillin and other antibiotics are produced using microbes.
Biofertilizers and Biopesticides: Learn how microbes support sustainable agriculture by promoting plant growth and controlling pests.
Microbes in Industry: From fermentation in food production to enzyme manufacturing, microbes play a crucial role.
Biogas Production: Explore the role of anaerobic bacteria in waste management and energy generation.
Environmental Management: How microbes assist in sewage treatment and bioremediation.
📊 Take the Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test
Ready to test your knowledge? Take our Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test now! This quiz includes:

20+ Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) based on NCERT and PYQs.
Real-time Feedback: Get immediate insights into your performance.
Difficulty Levels: Questions range from basic to advanced, catering to all learners.
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📈 How to Prepare for Microbes in Human Welfare for NEET 2025?
To excel in this chapter and ace the NEET exam, follow these tips:

Thoroughly Read NCERT: Most NEET questions are NCERT-based, so focus on all examples and highlighted points.
Make Short Notes: Create flashcards or summaries of key concepts like antibiotics, biofertilizers, and biogas production.
Regular Revision: Go over your notes and study material frequently to retain information.
Practice Previous Year Questions: This will help you understand the exam pattern and important topics.
Take Mock Tests: The Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test on capsuleeducation.in is a great way to evaluate your preparation.

💡 Interesting Facts About Microbes in Human Welfare
Penicillin, the first antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming through a mold called Penicillium notatum.
Rhizobium bacteria help in nitrogen fixation, enhancing soil fertility.
Methanogens, a type of microbe, are instrumental in biogas production from organic waste.
❓ FAQs: Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test
1. How many questions from Microbes in Human Welfare are expected in NEET?
Generally, 1-2 questions appear in the NEET biology section, often focusing on applications of microbes.

2. Is NCERT enough for Microbes in Human Welfare?
Yes, NCERT is sufficient, but practicing MCQs and PYQs will enhance your exam readiness.

3. What are the key topics to focus on for NEET?
Focus on antibiotic production, biofertilizers, biogas production, and waste management techniques using microbes.

🔗 Related NEET Chapter Tests:
Biotechnology and Its Applications Test
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Quiz
Cell Cycle and Cell Division Practice MCQs
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Don’t miss out! Take the Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test today and assess your understanding of this critical chapter. Boost your NEET 2025 preparation by practicing high-quality MCQs and previous year questions.

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Results

#1. __ are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods. The majority of these used as biological control agents belong to _.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Archaebacteria

Methanogens; Eubacteria

Trichoderma polysporum; Deutromycetes

Baculoviruses; Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Answer: (4) Baculoviruses; Nucleopolyhedrovirus
Explanation: Baculoviruses, especially those from the genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus, are used as biological control agents against insects.

#2. Which of the following statement is incorrect with respect to pectinases?

They are used in clearing of fruit juices.

They are used in chill proofing beer and whisky.

They are obtained from Byssochlamysfulva.

They are used in retting of fibres.

Answer: (3) They are obtained from Byssochlamysfulva.
Explanation: Pectinases are typically obtained from fungi such as Aspergillus or Trichoderma species, not Byssochlamysfulva.

#3. The drugs commonly administered before and after organ transplants are-

Immunomodulators.

Immunosuppressants.

Vaccinations.

Anabolic steroids.

Answer: (2) Immunosuppressants.
Explanation: Immunosuppressants are used to prevent the immune system from rejecting transplanted organs.

#4. BOD can be defined as

amount of CO2 consumed if all the inorganic matter in one litre of water is oxidized by bacteria.

amount of O2 consumed if all the organic matter in one decilitre of water is reduced by bacteria.

amount of O2 consumed if all the organic matter in one litre of water is oxidized by bacteria.

amount of O2 consumed if all the inorganic matter in one litre of water is oxidized by bacteria.

Answer: (3) amount of O2 consumed if all the organic matter in one litre of water is oxidized by bacteria.
Explanation: BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) measures the oxygen consumed by bacteria while decomposing organic material in water.

#5. Choose the correct option regarding the following two statements: (a) Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) convert milk into curd. (b) LAB create an acidic environment that helps coagulate and digest milk proteins. Which of the following is true?

Both statements (a) and (b) are true

Both statements (a) and (b) are false

Statement (a) is true, but (b) is false

(4) Statement (b) is true, but (a) is false

Answer: (1) Both statements (a) and (b) are true
Explanation: LAB play an essential role in curdling milk by producing lactic acid, which acidifies the milk and helps coagulate the proteins.

#6. Which statement about mycorrhizae is incorrect? (a) In ectomycorrhizae, the association between the fungus and the plant is less intimate than in endomycorrhizae. (b) Mycorrhizal associations may have played an important role in the evolution of land plants. (c) The relationship between the fungus and the plant is a mutualistic symbiosis. (d) The fungal partner is only associated with the roots of higher plants, such as angiosperms. (e) Only advanced plants, like angiosperms, possess mycorrhizae.

Only (e)

Only (d)

Only (a) and (c)

Only (b) and (e)

Answer: (1) Only (e)
Explanation: Mycorrhizal associations are not exclusive to angiosperms and can also occur in other plant groups like gymnosperms and ferns.

#7. Different varieties of cheese are typically identified by their: (a) Texture (b) Flavor (c) Taste (d) Source Which combination of factors best describes how cheese varieties are known?

(b) and (c)

(a) and (c)

(a), (b), and (c)

(b), (c), and (d)

Answer: (3) (a), (b), and (c)
Explanation: The distinct textures, flavors, and tastes of cheese define its variety. The source of cheese is also important, but not as crucial in this context.

#8. Which of the following are advantages of mycorrhizal associations for plants? (a) Resistance to root-borne pathogens (b) Enhanced tolerance to salinity and improved phosphorus absorption (c) Increased drought resistance (d) Overall improvement in plant growth and development

(a) and (b)

(b) and (c)

All of these

Answer: (4) All of these
Explanation: Mycorrhizae provide multiple benefits, including protection against root-borne pathogens, enhanced nutrient uptake (especially phosphorus), tolerance to environmental stresses like drought and salinity, and overall improved plant growth.

#9. The concept of sustainable agriculture emphasizes

minimizing the use of biopesticides.

a greater dependence on new crop varieties.

reducing the use of biofertilizers.

using Bacillus thuringiensis spores for pest control.

Answer: (1) minimizing the use of biopesticides.
Explanation: Sustainable agriculture focuses on maintaining soil health, biodiversity, and reducing harmful chemical inputs, including biopesticides.

#10. What is the mode of bacterial resistance against antibiotics?

Development of thick mucilaginous layer

Alteration of cell membrane

Mutation in bacteria

All of these

Answer: (4) All of these
Explanation: Bacteria can develop resistance through various mechanisms, including mutations, alteration of the cell membrane, and the production of a mucilaginous layer that prevents the drug from entering the cell.

#11. What is the composition of the biogas?

Methane, carbon dioxide and oxygen

Methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen dioxide

Methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen

Methane, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide

Answer: (3) Methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen
Explanation: Biogas typically consists of methane, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases like hydrogen.

#12. The gas produced as end product during growth and metabolism of microbes depends on

nature of microbe and substrate.

nature of digester tank and microbe.

nature of microbe only.

oxygen levels in the digester tank.

Answer: (1) nature of microbe and substrate.
Explanation: The type of gas produced depends on both the microbe involved and the substrate it is metabolizing.

#13. Commercial fruit juices are clearer than homemade ones. Which enzyme is typically added to commercially available fruit juices?

Lipase and Protease

Pectinase and Hydrolase

Pectinase and Protease

Hydrolase and Protease

Answer: (3) Pectinase and Protease
Explanation: Pectinase helps break down pectin, making juices clearer, while protease breaks down proteins that could cloud the juice.

#14. Given below are two statements (a) – (b) each with one or more blanks. Select the option which correctly fills the blanks in the statements. Statements: (a) Statins produced by the yeast _____ have been commercialized as blood cholesterol-lowering agents. (b) contains insecticidal crystal proteins thurioside, which is a stomach poison and highly insect-specific.

(a) – Monascus purpureus; (b) – Bacillus thuringiensis

(a) – Leuconostoc citrovorum; (b) – Mucorpusillus

(a) – Streptococcus thermophilus; (b) – Lactobacillus bulgaricus

(a) – Hordeum vulgare; (b) – Humulus lupulus

Answer: (1) (a) – Monascus purpureus; (b) – Bacillus thuringiensis
Explanation: Monascus purpureus is used to produce statins, which lower blood cholesterol. Bacillus thuringiensis produces insecticidal proteins, including thurioside, used as a biopesticide.

#15. Which of the following statements about mycorrhizal fungi is false?

Mycorrhizae increase susceptibility to diseases.

Mycorrhizal associations provide resistance to root-borne pathogens.

Mycorrhizae help plants tolerate salinity and drought.

Mycorrhizae promote overall growth and development of plants.

Answer: (1) Mycorrhizae increase susceptibility to diseases.
Explanation: Mycorrhizae actually help plants resist diseases by forming a protective barrier around the roots and by stimulating plant defense mechanisms.

#16. Fill in the blanks: (a) The bioactive molecule is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplant patients. It is produced by the fungus _. (b) Primary treatment of sewage involves the physical removal of small and large particles through __.

(a) – antibiotic, Penicillium notatum; (b) – filtration and sedimentation

(a) – cyclosporin A, Trichoderma polysporum; (b) – filtration and sedimentation

(a) – cyclosporin A, Penicillium notatum; (b) – sedimentation

(a) – cyclosporin A, Trichoderma polysporum; (b) – filtration

Answer: (2) (a) – cyclosporin A, Trichoderma polysporum; (b) – filtration and sedimentation
Explanation: Cyclosporin A is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum, and sewage treatment involves both filtration and sedimentation to remove solid particles.

#17. Identify the incorrect statement. (a) Bacillus thuringiensis are available in sachets as dried spores which are mixed with kerosene and sprayed onto vulnerable plants. (b) B. thuringiensis are used to control butterfly caterpillars, but leave other insects unharmed. (c) The toxin of B. thuringiensis is released in the blood of larvae and the larvae get killed. (d) By the development of methods of genetic engineering B. thuringiensis toxin genes have been introduced into plants.

(a) and (b)

(b) and (c)

(a) and (c)

(b) and (d)

Answer: (3) (a) and (c)
Explanation: While Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are used to control certain pests, they do not release toxins into the blood of larvae but affect the gut. Additionally, they are not typically mixed with kerosene for spraying.

#18. An important yeast, often referred to as baker’s yeast, is central to food production and was the first unicellular eukaryotic organism to have its entire genome sequenced. This yeast is:

Schizosaccharomyces

Saccharomycoides

Ashbya

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Answer: (4) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Explanation: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used in baking and brewing. It was the first eukaryotic genome to be sequenced, making it significant in genetics and biotechnology.

#19. The large holes in Swiss cheese are due to CO2 production by which microbe?

Lactobacillus

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Propionibacterium shermani

Aspergillus niger

Answer: (3) Propionibacterium shermanii
Explanation: Propionibacterium shermanii produces CO2 during fermentation, which forms the characteristic holes in Swiss cheese.

#20. Which of the following is incorrect regarding biofertilizers?

VAM is a biofertilizer

Azolla and BGA are the best biofertilizers.

Synthetic fertilizers do not cause pollution.

Probiotics are live microbial food supplements.

Answer: (3) Synthetic fertilizers do not cause pollution.
Explanation: Synthetic fertilizers can contribute to pollution, particularly through nutrient runoff that leads to water eutrophication.

#21. Which of the following is false?

VAM (Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza) is a biofertilizer.

Azolla and BGA (Blue-Green Algae) are the best biofertilizers.

Synthetic fertilizers do not cause pollution.

Probiotics are live microbial food supplements.

Answer: (3) Synthetic fertilizers do not cause pollution
Explanation: Synthetic fertilizers can lead to pollution, such as eutrophication in water bodies, which is an environmental concern.

#22. In a sewage treatment plant, primary treatment is

a physical process which involves sedimentation only.

a physical process which involves both filtration and sedimentation.

a biological process which involves formation of primary sludge and effluent.

a biological process which involves centrifugation and sedimentation.

Answer: (2) a physical process which involves both filtration and sedimentation.
Explanation: Primary treatment is a physical process that involves filtering large solids and allowing smaller particles to settle through sedimentation.

#23. Treatment of wastewater is done by the

photoautotrophic microbes, naturally present in sewage.

chemoautotrophic microbes, naturally present in sewage.

heterotrophic microbes naturally present in sewage.

heterotrophic microbes inoculated in the sewage from outside only.

Answer: (3) heterotrophic microbes naturally present in sewage.
Explanation: Heterotrophic microbes are the primary agents in the biological treatment of sewage, as they break down organic matter.

#24. Which belief does not align with organic farming principles?

The more variety a landscape has, the more sustainable it is.

Insects sometimes called pests are not eradicated but are kept at manageable levels by a complex ecosystem.

Chemicals like insecticides and pesticides should be used extensively to control plant diseases and pests.

Pests should not be eradicated because they serve as food for beneficial predatory and parasitic insects.

Answer: (3) Chemicals like insecticides and pesticides should be used extensively to control plant diseases and pests
Explanation: Organic farming avoids extensive use of chemical pesticides in favor of more sustainable pest management strategies.

#25. Given below are three statements (a) – (c) each with one or more blanks. Select the option which correctly fills the blanks in the statements. Statements: (a) ____ a traditional drink of some parts of South India is made by fermenting sap from palms. (b) Citric acid is obtained through the fermentation carried out by _ and _ on sugary syrups. (c) In ____, the fungus forms a mantle on the surface of the roots.

(a) – Toddy; (b) – Aspergillus niger, Mucor; (c) – ectomycorrhiza

(a) – Wine; (b) – Acetobacter aceti, Yeast; (c) – endomycorrhiza

(a) – Beer; (b) – Aspergillus niger, Morrel; (c) – ectomycorrhiza

(a) – Rum; (b) – Clostridium butylicum, Agaricus; (c) – endomycorrhiza

Answer: (1) (a) – Toddy; (b) – Aspergillus niger, Mucor; (c) – ectomycorrhiza
Explanation: Toddy is a traditional drink made from palm sap. Aspergillus niger and Mucor are used in citric acid production, and ectomycorrhiza is a type of mycorrhiza where the fungus forms a mantle around the plant roots.

#26. Which of the following statements are false? (a) Word antibiotic is a misnomer. Anti is a Greek word that means against life (in the context of disease-causing organisms) whereas with reference to human beings they are pro-life and not against. (b) Flocs are masses of bacteria with interwoven fungal filaments forming mesh-like structures. (c) Components in biogas are carbon dioxide (CO2, 25–35%), hydrogen (H2, 1–5%), nitrogen (N2, 2–7%) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S, traces).

(a) and (b)

(b) and (c)

All of these

None of these

Answer: (3) All of these
Explanation:

Statement (a) is true: The term “antibiotic” is indeed a misnomer because it means “against life,” but antibiotics are pro-life in the context of controlling harmful microorganisms.

Statement (b) is false: Flocs are not a combination of fungal filaments and bacteria; they are bacterial masses.

Statement (c) is correct: The components of biogas include CO2, H2, and H2S in the specified amounts.

#27. Consider the following statements about organic farming and select which are true (T) or false (F). (a) It produces food crops rich in lipids, vitamins, and iron. (b) It uses biofertilizers that increase soil fertility. (c) It uses more chemical fertilizers and pesticides. (d) It raises unpolluted crops with the help of bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria.

T T F F

F T F T

T F T F

T F F F

Answer: (1) T T F F
Explanation: Organic farming uses biofertilizers and reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. It promotes sustainable practices for producing nutrient-rich, unpolluted crops.

#28. Which one of the following is an example of carrying out biological control of pests/disease using microbes?

Trichoderma sp. against certain plant pathogens

Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) against white rust in Brassica

Bt cotton to increase cotton yield.

Lady bird beetle against aphids in mustard

Answer: (1) Trichoderma sp. against certain plant pathogens
Explanation: Trichoderma species are used in biological control of plant pathogens.

#29. Which of the following benefits are associated with mycorrhizae? (a) Protection against root-borne pathogens (b) Enhanced tolerance to salinity and improved phosphorus absorption (c) Increased resistance to drought (d) Overall growth and development of plants is boosted

(a) and (b)

(b) and (c)

All of these

Answer: (4) All of these
Explanation: Mycorrhizae provide various benefits to plants, including resistance to root-borne pathogens, tolerance to salinity and drought, and an overall increase in plant growth and development.

#30. Fill in the blanks: (a) The dough used to prepare idli and dosa is fermented by ____ and _. The puffy appearance of dough is due to the release of _ by these microorganisms. (b) Microbes are also used in the commercial production of certain organic acids. Butyric acid is produced by and lactic acid is produced by ____.

(a) – Streptococcus faecalis, Pediococcus cerevisiae, CO2; (b) – Clostridium butylicum, Lactobacillus

(a) – Agricus faecalis, Pediococcus cerevisiae, O2; (b) – Clostridium butylicum, Lactobacillus

(a) – Streptococcus faecalis, Pediococcus cerevisiae, CO2; (b) – Bacillus, Lactobacillus

(a) – Streptococcus faecalis, Spirulina, CO2; (b) – Clostridium butylicum, Lactobacillus

Answer: (1) (a) – Streptococcus faecalis, Pediococcus cerevisiae, CO2; (b) – Clostridium butylicum, Lactobacillus
Explanation: The microorganisms involved in fermentation of dough release carbon dioxide, contributing to its puffy texture. Butyric acid and lactic acid are produced by specific microbes.

#31. Which of the following statements are incorrect about microbes in food production and health? (a) Dough for dosa and idli is fermented by fungi and algae. (b) Toddy is made by fermenting palm sap. (c) The large holes in Swiss cheese are due to methane production by Propionibacterium shermanii. (d) LAB in the stomach help control disease-causing microbes. Which two statements are incorrect?

(a) and (c)

(a) and (b)

(b) and (c)

Answer: (1) (a) and (c)
Explanation: Dosa and idli dough is fermented by bacteria, not fungi or algae. Additionally, large holes in Swiss cheese are due to CO2 production, not methane.

#32. Which of the following is false regarding the functions of mycorrhiza?

More susceptibility to diseases

Resistance to root-borne pathogens

Tolerance to salinity and drought

Overall increase in plant growth and development

Answer: (1) More susceptibility to diseases
Explanation: Mycorrhizae generally provide resistance to diseases, rather than increasing susceptibility.

#33. What are flocs?

Masses of anaerobic bacteria

Masses of aerobic fungi only

Masses of anaerobic bacteria and fungi

Masses of aerobic bacteria associated with fungal filaments

Answer: (4) Masses of aerobic bacteria associated with fungal filaments
Explanation: Flocs are aggregates of bacteria, often with fungal filaments, that help in wastewater treatment by breaking down organic matter.

#34. Which statement about mycorrhizae is incorrect?

The fungal partner absorbs phosphorus and transfers it to the plant.

The plant partner shows increased resistance to pathogens and tolerance to salinity and drought.

Plant partners also show resistance to herbicides.

None of these.

Answer: (3) Plant partners also show resistance to herbicides.
Explanation: While mycorrhizal associations confer many benefits like disease resistance and drought tolerance, they do not generally provide resistance to herbicides.

#35. What happens to activated sludge?

It is generally released into natural water bodies like rivers and streams.

It is completely pumped back into aeration tank to serve as inoculum.

The major part of the sludge is pumped into large tanks called anaerobic sludge digesters.

It undergoes sequential filtration.

Answer: (3) The major part of the sludge is pumped into large tanks called anaerobic sludge digesters.
Explanation: Activated sludge is sent to anaerobic digesters for further treatment and decomposition.

#36. Consider the following statements related to organic farming: (a) It produces food crops rich in lipids, vitamins, and iron. (b) It uses biofertilizers which increase soil fertility. (c) There is more use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. (d) It raises unpolluted crops through the use of bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria. Choose the correct option:

T, T, F, F

F, T, F, T

T, F, T, F

T, F, F, F

Answer: (1) T, T, F, F
Explanation: Organic farming focuses on enhancing soil fertility through biofertilizers, reduces chemical input, and produces healthier, pollutant-free crops.

#37. The Ministry of Environment and Forest has initiated the Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan (a) to save these major rivers of our country from pollution. (b) to build a large number of sewage treatment plants. (c) to check that only treated sewage is discharged in the river.

(a) and (b) are correct

(b) and (c) are correct

(a) and (c) are correct

All are correct

Answer: (4) All are correct
Explanation: The Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan aim to clean and rejuvenate these rivers by controlling pollution, building sewage treatment plants, and ensuring that only treated sewage is discharged into

#38. Which of the following statements is incorrect about mycorrhizae?

The fungal symbiont absorbs phosphorus from the soil and transfers it to plants.

The plant symbionts exhibit resistance to root-borne pathogens, tolerance to salinity and drought, and increase plant growth and development.

The plant symbionts show resistance to herbicides.

None of these.

Answer: (3) The plant symbionts show resistance to herbicides
Explanation: Mycorrhizae enhance plant health but do not directly confer resistance to herbicides.

#39. Florey and Chain are famous for:

demonstrating that certain bacteria inhibit the growth of Bacillus anthracis.

discovering that Pseudomonas was antagonistic to other bacterial species.

commercializing the antibiotic penicillin for therapeutic use.

developing PCR.

Answer: (3) commercializing the antibiotic penicillin for therapeutic use.
Explanation: Florey and Chain played a crucial role in the development and mass production of penicillin, which revolutionized medicine.

#40. Mycorrhizal associations are formed by fungi and plants. The genus is commonly involved in forming these associations, and it absorbs from the soil and transfers it to the plant.

Aspergillus; sulphur

Agaricus; nitrogen

Boletus; boron

Glomus; phosphorus

Answer: (4) Glomus; phosphorus
Explanation: The genus Glomus is well-known for forming mycorrhizal associations, where it helps plants by absorbing phosphorus from the soil and transferring it to the plants.

#41. Which microbe produces butyric acid?

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Clostridium butylicum

Aspergillus niger

Propionibacterium shermanii

Answer: (2) Clostridium butylicum
Explanation: Clostridium butylicum is known for producing butyric acid during its metabolic processes.

#42. Trichoderma has been proved as a useful microorganism for

biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens.

bioremediation of contaminated soils.

reclamation of waste lands.

gene transfer in higher plants.

Answer: (1) biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens.
Explanation: Trichoderma is commonly used for biological control of soil-borne plant diseases and as a biocontrol agent for improving plant health.

#43. Which statement regarding mycorrhizal fungi is incorrect? (a) In ectomycorrhizae, the association between the fungus and plant is less intimate than in endomycorrhizae. (b) Mycorrhizal associations may have played a crucial role in the evolution of land plants. (c) Mycorrhizae form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with plants. (d) Fungal partners are found only in the roots of angiosperms. (e) Only modern plants, such as angiosperms, form mycorrhizal associations.

Only (e)

Only (d)

Only (a) and (c)

Only (b) and (e)

Answer: (1) Only (e)
Explanation: Mycorrhizal associations are not exclusive to angiosperms; they are found in various plant groups, including gymnosperms and ferns. The statement that only advanced plants form mycorrhizal relationships is incorrect.

#44. Trichoderma polysporum yields a bioactive compound used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplantation. This compound is:

Polysporin

Cyclosporin

Pentacyclosporin

Cyclohydrosporin

Answer: (2) Cyclosporin
Explanation: Cyclosporin is an immunosuppressive drug derived from Trichoderma polysporum, used to prevent organ rejection after transplants.

#45. Which of the following sets includes bacterial diseases?

Tetanus, tuberculosis, measles

Diphtheria, leprosy, plague

Cholera, typhoid, mumps

Malaria, mumps, poliomyelitis

Answer: (2) Diphtheria, leprosy, plague
Explanation: Diphtheria, leprosy, and plague are all bacterial infections, while the other options contain viral infections.

#46. The concept of sustainable agriculture focuses on:

Minimizing biopesticides

Greater dependence on new crops

Least use of biofertilizers

Using spores of Bacillus thuringiensis for pest control

Answer: (1) Minimizing biopesticides
Explanation: Sustainable agriculture seeks to balance pest control with minimal environmental impact, reducing dependency on synthetic chemicals.

#47. Which of the following describes Swiss cheese?

Ripened, moisture content 45%, hard cheese

Large holes, moisture content < 45%, hard cheese

Processed, large holes, moisture content 50%

Raw cheese, semisoft, large holes

Answer: (2) Large holes, moisture content < 45%, hard cheese
Explanation: Swiss cheese is characterized by its large holes formed during fermentation and has a moisture content below 45%, making it a harder cheese.

#48. The enzyme (a) is used to remove blood clots in patients who have undergone (b) leading to heart attacks. The correct answer is:

(a) – Streptokinase; (b) – Myocardial infarction

(a) – Lipase; (b) – Arteriosclerosis

(a) – Proteases; (b) – Myocardial infarction

(a) – Pectinases; (b) – Atherosclerosis

Answer: (1) (a) – Streptokinase; (b) – Myocardial infarction
Explanation: Streptokinase is used to dissolve blood clots in patients with heart attacks (myocardial infarction).

#49. Fungi form symbiotic associations with plants, known as mycorrhiza. Which genus of fungi is commonly involved in this association and what nutrient does it help absorb for plants?

Aspergillus; sulphur

Agaricus; nitrogen

Boletus; boron

Glomus; phosphorus

Answer: (4) Glomus; phosphorus
Explanation: The genus Glomus is commonly involved in the formation of mycorrhizae and helps plants absorb phosphorus from the soil.

#50. Cyclosporin A, a drug used to prevent organ transplant rejection, is produced by the fungus:

Trichoderma polysporum.

Penicillium notatum.

Micromonospora.

Aspergillus niger.

Answer: (1) Trichoderma polysporum.
Explanation: Cyclosporin A is produced by Trichoderma polysporum and is an important immunosuppressive drug used to prevent rejection after organ transplants.

Finish

Results

#1. ____________ are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods. The majority of these used as biological control agents belong to ___________.

#2. Which of the following statement is incorrect with respect to pectinases?

#3. The drugs commonly administered before and after organ transplants are-

#4. BOD can be defined as

#5. Choose the correct option regarding the following two statements: (a) Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) convert milk into curd. (b) LAB create an acidic environment that helps coagulate and digest milk proteins. Which of the following is true?

#7. Different varieties of cheese are typically identified by their: (a) Texture (b) Flavor (c) Taste (d) Source Which combination of factors best describes how cheese varieties are known?

#8. Which of the following are advantages of mycorrhizal associations for plants? (a) Resistance to root-borne pathogens (b) Enhanced tolerance to salinity and improved phosphorus absorption (c) Increased drought resistance (d) Overall improvement in plant growth and development

#9. The concept of sustainable agriculture emphasizes

#10. What is the mode of bacterial resistance against antibiotics?

#11. What is the composition of the biogas?

#12. The gas produced as end product during growth and metabolism of microbes depends on

#13. Commercial fruit juices are clearer than homemade ones. Which enzyme is typically added to commercially available fruit juices?

#15. Which of the following statements about mycorrhizal fungi is false?

#16. Fill in the blanks: (a) The bioactive molecule ______ is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplant patients. It is produced by the fungus ___________. (b) Primary treatment of sewage involves the physical removal of small and large particles through ______.

#18. An important yeast, often referred to as baker’s yeast, is central to food production and was the first unicellular eukaryotic organism to have its entire genome sequenced. This yeast is:

#19. The large holes in Swiss cheese are due to CO2 production by which microbe?

#20. Which of the following is incorrect regarding biofertilizers?

#21. Which of the following is false?

#22. In a sewage treatment plant, primary treatment is

#23. Treatment of wastewater is done by the

#24. Which belief does not align with organic farming principles?

#28. Which one of the following is an example of carrying out biological control of pests/disease using microbes?

#29. Which of the following benefits are associated with mycorrhizae? (a) Protection against root-borne pathogens (b) Enhanced tolerance to salinity and improved phosphorus absorption (c) Increased resistance to drought (d) Overall growth and development of plants is boosted

#32. Which of the following is false regarding the functions of mycorrhiza?

#33. What are flocs?

#34. Which statement about mycorrhizae is incorrect?

#35. What happens to activated sludge?

#37. The Ministry of Environment and Forest has initiated the Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan (a) to save these major rivers of our country from pollution. (b) to build a large number of sewage treatment plants. (c) to check that only treated sewage is discharged in the river.

#38. Which of the following statements is incorrect about mycorrhizae?

#39. Florey and Chain are famous for:

#40. Mycorrhizal associations are formed by fungi and plants. The genus ________ is commonly involved in forming these associations, and it absorbs ________ from the soil and transfers it to the plant.

#41. Which microbe produces butyric acid?

#42. Trichoderma has been proved as a useful microorganism for

#44. Trichoderma polysporum yields a bioactive compound used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplantation. This compound is:

#45. Which of the following sets includes bacterial diseases?

#46. The concept of sustainable agriculture focuses on:

#47. Which of the following describes Swiss cheese?

#48. The enzyme (a) is used to remove blood clots in patients who have undergone (b) leading to heart attacks. The correct answer is:

#49. Fungi form symbiotic associations with plants, known as mycorrhiza. Which genus of fungi is commonly involved in this association and what nutrient does it help absorb for plants?

#50. Cyclosporin A, a drug used to prevent organ transplant rejection, is produced by the fungus:

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#1. __ are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods. The majority of these used as biological control agents belong to _.

#16. Fill in the blanks: (a) The bioactive molecule is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplant patients. It is produced by the fungus _. (b) Primary treatment of sewage involves the physical removal of small and large particles through __.

#40. Mycorrhizal associations are formed by fungi and plants. The genus is commonly involved in forming these associations, and it absorbs from the soil and transfers it to the plant.