Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test: Master Biology for NEET 2025
📚 Introduction: Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test
The Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test is a comprehensive quiz designed to help NEET aspirants strengthen their understanding of this crucial biology chapter. The Microbes in Human Welfare topic covers a wide array of concepts related to the beneficial uses of microbes in industries, agriculture, medicine, and environmental management. This quiz not only tests your knowledge but also prepares you for the NEET 2025 examination by offering multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that align with the latest NEET syllabus.
Microbes, though microscopic, play a macroscopic role in our lives. They are pivotal in the production of antibiotics, biofertilizers, biopesticides, and biogas. Understanding these concepts is vital for NEET Biology as questions from this chapter often appear in the exam.
🌟 Why Take the Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test?
The Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test offers a platform to assess your preparedness for the NEET exam. The test includes:
Chapter-Specific MCQs: Focused on microbial roles in industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Previous Year Questions (PYQs): Practice real NEET questions from past exams.
Detailed Explanations: Each answer comes with clear explanations, helping you learn from mistakes.
Performance Analysis: Identify strengths and weaknesses to focus on targeted revision.
🧬 Key Topics Covered in Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test
This test covers all important subtopics, including:
Antibiotic Production: Understand how penicillin and other antibiotics are produced using microbes.
Biofertilizers and Biopesticides: Learn how microbes support sustainable agriculture by promoting plant growth and controlling pests.
Microbes in Industry: From fermentation in food production to enzyme manufacturing, microbes play a crucial role.
Biogas Production: Explore the role of anaerobic bacteria in waste management and energy generation.
Environmental Management: How microbes assist in sewage treatment and bioremediation.
📊 Take the Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test
Ready to test your knowledge? Take our Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test now! This quiz includes:
20+ Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) based on NCERT and PYQs.
Real-time Feedback: Get immediate insights into your performance.
Difficulty Levels: Questions range from basic to advanced, catering to all learners.
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📈 How to Prepare for Microbes in Human Welfare for NEET 2025?
To excel in this chapter and ace the NEET exam, follow these tips:
Thoroughly Read NCERT: Most NEET questions are NCERT-based, so focus on all examples and highlighted points.
Make Short Notes: Create flashcards or summaries of key concepts like antibiotics, biofertilizers, and biogas production.
Regular Revision: Go over your notes and study material frequently to retain information.
Practice Previous Year Questions: This will help you understand the exam pattern and important topics.
Take Mock Tests: The Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test on capsuleeducation.in is a great way to evaluate your preparation.
💡 Interesting Facts About Microbes in Human Welfare
Penicillin, the first antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming through a mold called Penicillium notatum.
Rhizobium bacteria help in nitrogen fixation, enhancing soil fertility.
Methanogens, a type of microbe, are instrumental in biogas production from organic waste.
❓ FAQs: Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Test
1. How many questions from Microbes in Human Welfare are expected in NEET?
Generally, 1-2 questions appear in the NEET biology section, often focusing on applications of microbes.
2. Is NCERT enough for Microbes in Human Welfare?
Yes, NCERT is sufficient, but practicing MCQs and PYQs will enhance your exam readiness.
3. What are the key topics to focus on for NEET?
Focus on antibiotic production, biofertilizers, biogas production, and waste management techniques using microbes.
🔗 Related NEET Chapter Tests:
Biotechnology and Its Applications Test
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Quiz
Cell Cycle and Cell Division Practice MCQs
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Results
#1. Once BOD from the sewage is reduced significantly, the flocs are allowed to sediment and it is known as ___________.
Answer: (2) secondary sludge
Explanation: After BOD reduction, the flocs settle as secondary sludge, which is then treated further.
#2. Identify the incorrect statement with respect to biogas plant.
Answer: (2) A floating cover is placed over the slurry, which keeps on rising as the gas is consumed in the tank.
Explanation: In a biogas plant, the floating cover rises as biogas is produced, not as gas is consumed. The cover collects the gas produced.
#3. Which of the following statements is true about biofertilizers and microorganisms? (a) All cyanobacteria are nitrogen-fixing organisms. (b) Biofertilizers mainly consist of bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria. (c) Azospirillum and Azotobacter are non-symbiotic nitrogen fixers. (d) Microbes like bacteria and fungi can form visible colonies on nutrient media but are too small to be seen with the naked eye
Answer: (3) (a), (c) and (d) are wrong
Explanation: Not all cyanobacteria fix nitrogen, and Azospirillum and Azotobacter are non-symbiotic nitrogen fixers, meaning they don’t form associations with plants. Microbes are often too small to be seen without a microscope.
#4. Choose the correct option regarding the following two statements: (a) Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) convert milk into curd. (b) LAB create an acidic environment that helps coagulate and digest milk proteins. Which of the following is true?
Answer: (1) Both statements (a) and (b) are true
Explanation: LAB play an essential role in curdling milk by producing lactic acid, which acidifies the milk and helps coagulate the proteins.
#5. Which one of the following statements is false? (a) Cyanobacteria are autotrophic microbes widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments. (b) Anabaena, Nostoc and Oscillatoria are photosynthetic oxygenic nitrogen fixers. (c) BGA can increase rice production. (d) BGA adds organic matter to the soil and increases its fertility. (e) In our country, biofertilizers are not available commercially in the markets for farmers.
Answer: (1) Only (e)
Explanation: Biofertilizers, including cyanobacteria (BGA), are available commercially in India to improve soil fertility and increase crop production.
#6. Baculoviruses are/have
Answer: (1) pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods.
Explanation: Baculoviruses are used as pathogens to specifically target insects and other arthropods, with minimal impact on other species.
#7. The concept of sustainable agriculture focuses on:
Answer: (1) Minimizing biopesticides
Explanation: Sustainable agriculture seeks to balance pest control with minimal environmental impact, reducing dependency on synthetic chemicals.
#8. Fungi form symbiotic associations with plants, known as mycorrhiza. Which genus of fungi is commonly involved in this association and what nutrient does it help absorb for plants?
Answer: (4) Glomus; phosphorus
Explanation: The genus Glomus is commonly involved in the formation of mycorrhizae and helps plants absorb phosphorus from the soil.
#9. The drugs commonly administered before and after organ transplants are-
Answer: (2) Immunosuppressants.
Explanation: Immunosuppressants are used to prevent the immune system from rejecting transplanted organs.
#10. Which of the following statements are correct about biofertilizers? (a) All cyanobacteria are nitrogen fixers. (b) The main sources of biofertilizers are bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria. (c) Azospirillum and Azotobacter are symbiotic nitrogen fixers. (d) Microbes like bacteria and fungi can be cultured on nutritive media but cannot be seen with the naked eye.
Answer: (4) Only (a) is wrong
Explanation: Not all cyanobacteria are nitrogen fixers, though many are. The other statements are true.
#11. Primary treatment of sewage waste involves which of the following processes?
Answer: (3) Filtration and sedimentation
Explanation: Primary treatment typically involves filtration to remove large solids and sedimentation to settle out smaller particles.
#12. Statins work by:
Answer: (2) competitive inhibition of the enzyme responsible for cholesterol synthesis.
Explanation: Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme involved in the production of cholesterol, by competitively blocking its active site.
#13. Treatment of wastewater is done by the
Answer: (3) heterotrophic microbes naturally present in sewage.
Explanation: Heterotrophic microbes are the primary agents in the biological treatment of sewage, as they break down organic matter.
#14. Consider the following statements about organic farming and select which are true (T) or false (F). (a) It produces food crops rich in lipids, vitamins, and iron. (b) It uses biofertilizers that increase soil fertility. (c) It uses more chemical fertilizers and pesticides. (d) It raises unpolluted crops with the help of bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria.
Answer: (1) T T F F
Explanation: Organic farming uses biofertilizers and reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. It promotes sustainable practices for producing nutrient-rich, unpolluted crops.
#15. Given below are two statements (a) – (b) each with one or more blanks. Select the option which correctly fills the blanks in the statements. Statements: (a) Microbes consume the major part of organic matter in the effluent and reduce ________ of sewage. (b) Certain bacteria which grow anaerobically on cellulosic material produce large amounts of methane along with CO2 and H2. The bacteria are commonly called __________ and one such common bacterium is ____________.
Answer: (3) (a) – biochemical oxygen demand; (b) – methanogens, Methanobacterium
Explanation: Microbes reduce the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in sewage by decomposing organic matter. Methanogens are anaerobic bacteria that produce methane, and Methanobacterium is a common example.
#16. Which belief does not align with organic farming principles?
Answer: (3) Chemicals like insecticides and pesticides should be used extensively to control plant diseases and pests
Explanation: Organic farming avoids extensive use of chemical pesticides in favor of more sustainable pest management strategies.
#17. Biofertilizers are organisms that:
Answer: (2) Enrich the nutrient quality of soil
Explanation: Biofertilizers improve the soil’s nutrient content naturally, reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers.
#18. An important yeast, often referred to as baker’s yeast, is central to food production and was the first unicellular eukaryotic organism to have its entire genome sequenced. This yeast is:
Answer: (4) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Explanation: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used in baking and brewing. It was the first eukaryotic genome to be sequenced, making it significant in genetics and biotechnology.
#19. What is the composition of the biogas?
Answer: (3) Methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen
Explanation: Biogas typically consists of methane, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases like hydrogen.
#20. In a sewage treatment plant, primary treatment is
Answer: (2) a physical process which involves both filtration and sedimentation.
Explanation: Primary treatment is a physical process that involves filtering large solids and allowing smaller particles to settle through sedimentation.
#21. Which microbe produces butyric acid?
Answer: (2) Clostridium butylicum
Explanation: Clostridium butylicum is known for producing butyric acid during its metabolic processes.
#22. The concept of sustainable agriculture emphasizes
Answer: (1) minimizing the use of biopesticides.
Explanation: Sustainable agriculture focuses on maintaining soil health, biodiversity, and reducing harmful chemical inputs, including biopesticides.
#23. Which of the following is included in biopesticides?
Answer: (2) Viruses, bacteria and fungi
Explanation: Biopesticides include microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi used to control pests.
#24. The first antibiotic was discovered accidentally by (a) while working on (b). The correct answer is:
Answer: (2) (a) – Fleming; (b) – Penicillium notatum
Explanation: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic, by chance while working with Penicillium notatum.
#25. Which of the following statements is correct? (a) Single cell protein is rich in high-quality proteins but poor in fat. (b) BOD is the amount of oxygen that would be consumed if all the inorganic matter in one litre of water were oxidized by bacteria. (c) Trichoderma is a free-living fungus that produces effective biocontrol agents of several pathogens. (d) Baculoviruses are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods. (e) Bacillus thuringiensis is the first used biopesticide. (f) Lactase enzyme is used in alcoholic fermentation. (g) Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between fungi, for example, Glomus and vascular plants.
Answer: (3) (a), (c), (d), (e) and (g)
Explanation:
- Statement (a) is correct: Single cell protein is rich in protein and low in fat.
- Statement (c) is correct: Trichoderma is a free-living fungus used for biocontrol.
- Statement (d) is correct: Baculoviruses attack insects and arthropods.
- Statement (e) is correct: Bacillus thuringiensis was the first biopesticide.
- Statement (g) is correct: Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relationship between fungi and plants.
#26. Mycorrhizal associations are formed by fungi and plants. The genus ________ is commonly involved in forming these associations, and it absorbs ________ from the soil and transfers it to the plant.
Answer: (4) Glomus; phosphorus
Explanation: The genus Glomus is well-known for forming mycorrhizal associations, where it helps plants by absorbing phosphorus from the soil and transferring it to the plants.
#27. Consider the following statements related to organic farming: (a) It produces food crops rich in lipids, vitamins, and iron. (b) It uses biofertilizers which increase soil fertility. (c) There is more use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. (d) It raises unpolluted crops through the use of bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria. Choose the correct option:
Answer: (1) T, T, F, F
Explanation: Organic farming focuses on enhancing soil fertility through biofertilizers, reduces chemical input, and produces healthier, pollutant-free crops.
#28. A drug used for (a) patients is obtained from the species of (b) organism. The correct pair for the blanks is:
Answer: (4) Organ transplant – Trichoderma
Explanation: Cyclosporin A, a drug used in organ transplants, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum.
#29. What beneficial role does LAB play in the human stomach?
Answer: (3) It checks the growth of disease-causing microbes
Explanation: LAB in the stomach help prevent harmful microbes from proliferating, aiding digestion and improving gut health.
#30. Fill in the blanks: (a) The dough used to prepare idli and dosa is fermented by ______ and _____. The puffy appearance of dough is due to the release of _____ by these microorganisms. (b) Microbes are also used in the commercial production of certain organic acids. Butyric acid is produced by ____ and lactic acid is produced by ______.
Answer: (1) (a) – Streptococcus faecalis, Pediococcus cerevisiae, CO2; (b) – Clostridium butylicum, Lactobacillus
Explanation: The microorganisms involved in fermentation of dough release carbon dioxide, contributing to its puffy texture. Butyric acid and lactic acid are produced by specific microbes.
#31. Given below are three statements (a) – (c) each with one or more blanks. Select the option which correctly fills the blanks in the statements. Statements: (a) ______ a traditional drink of some parts of South India is made by fermenting sap from palms. (b) Citric acid is obtained through the fermentation carried out by _____ and _____ on sugary syrups. (c) In ______, the fungus forms a mantle on the surface of the roots.
Answer: (1) (a) – Toddy; (b) – Aspergillus niger, Mucor; (c) – ectomycorrhiza
Explanation: Toddy is a traditional drink made from palm sap. Aspergillus niger and Mucor are used in citric acid production, and ectomycorrhiza is a type of mycorrhiza where the fungus forms a mantle around the plant roots.
#32. Given below are two statements (a) – (b) each with one or more blanks. Select the option which correctly fills the blanks in the statements. Statements: (a) Statins produced by the yeast ___________ have been commercialized as blood cholesterol-lowering agents. (b) ______ contains insecticidal crystal proteins thurioside, which is a stomach poison and highly insect-specific.
Answer: (1) (a) – Monascus purpureus; (b) – Bacillus thuringiensis
Explanation: Monascus purpureus is used to produce statins, which lower blood cholesterol. Bacillus thuringiensis produces insecticidal proteins, including thurioside, used as a biopesticide.
#33. The puffed-up texture of dosa and idli dough is a result of:
Answer: (3) Fermentation by bacteria and the production of CO2
Explanation: In the preparation of dosa and idli, bacteria ferment the dough, producing CO2 which causes it to rise and become fluffy.
#34. Which statement about mycorrhizae is incorrect? (a) In ectomycorrhizae, the association between the fungus and the plant is less intimate than in endomycorrhizae. (b) Mycorrhizal associations may have played an important role in the evolution of land plants. (c) The relationship between the fungus and the plant is a mutualistic symbiosis. (d) The fungal partner is only associated with the roots of higher plants, such as angiosperms. (e) Only advanced plants, like angiosperms, possess mycorrhizae.
Answer: (1) Only (e)
Explanation: Mycorrhizal associations are not exclusive to angiosperms and can also occur in other plant groups like gymnosperms and ferns.
#35. Streptokinase is a medicinal enzyme that is used to:
Answer: (2) dissolve blood clots in blood vessels.
Explanation: Streptokinase is used to break down fibrin in blood clots, a key treatment for conditions like heart attacks or strokes.
#36. Trichoderma has been proved as a useful microorganism for
Answer: (1) biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens.
Explanation: Trichoderma is commonly used for biological control of soil-borne plant diseases and as a biocontrol agent for improving plant health.
#37. Which one of the following is an example of carrying out biological control of pests/disease using microbes?
Answer: (1) Trichoderma sp. against certain plant pathogens
Explanation: Trichoderma species are used in biological control of plant pathogens.
#38. Fill in the blanks: (a) The bioactive molecule ______ is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplant patients. It is produced by the fungus ___________. (b) Primary treatment of sewage involves the physical removal of small and large particles through ______.
Answer: (2) (a) – cyclosporin A, Trichoderma polysporum; (b) – filtration and sedimentation
Explanation: Cyclosporin A is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum, and sewage treatment involves both filtration and sedimentation to remove solid particles.
#39. Which of the following is false?
Answer: (3) Synthetic fertilizers do not cause pollution
Explanation: Synthetic fertilizers can lead to pollution, such as eutrophication in water bodies, which is an environmental concern.
#40. The large holes in Swiss cheese are due to CO2 production by which microbe?
Answer: (3) Propionibacterium shermanii
Explanation: Propionibacterium shermanii produces CO2 during fermentation, which forms the characteristic holes in Swiss cheese.
#41. All are correct with respect to BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) except one. Identify it.
Answer: (3) The greater the BOD of wastewater, less is its polluting potential.
Explanation: The greater the BOD, the more pollution potential the wastewater has, as it indicates a higher amount of organic matter to be decomposed.
#42. Commercial fruit juices are clearer than homemade ones. Which enzyme is typically added to commercially available fruit juices?
Answer: (3) Pectinase and Protease
Explanation: Pectinase helps break down pectin, making juices clearer, while protease breaks down proteins that could cloud the juice.
#43. Identify the incorrect statement. (a) Bacillus thuringiensis are available in sachets as dried spores which are mixed with kerosene and sprayed onto vulnerable plants. (b) B. thuringiensis are used to control butterfly caterpillars, but leave other insects unharmed. (c) The toxin of B. thuringiensis is released in the blood of larvae and the larvae get killed. (d) By the development of methods of genetic engineering B. thuringiensis toxin genes have been introduced into plants.
Answer: (3) (a) and (c)
Explanation: While Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are used to control certain pests, they do not release toxins into the blood of larvae but affect the gut. Additionally, they are not typically mixed with kerosene for spraying.
#44. The Ministry of Environment and Forest has initiated the Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan (a) to save these major rivers of our country from pollution. (b) to build a large number of sewage treatment plants. (c) to check that only treated sewage is discharged in the river.
Answer: (4) All are correct
Explanation: The Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan aim to clean and rejuvenate these rivers by controlling pollution, building sewage treatment plants, and ensuring that only treated sewage is discharged into
#45. Florey and Chain are famous for:
Answer: (3) commercializing the antibiotic penicillin for therapeutic use.
Explanation: Florey and Chain played a crucial role in the development and mass production of penicillin, which revolutionized medicine.
#46. Which of the following best describes biofertilizers?
Answer: (2) Biofertilizers are organisms that enrich soil nutrient quality.
Explanation: Biofertilizers help enrich the soil by fixing nitrogen and promoting plant growth through symbiotic relationships.
#47. Which of the following is incorrect regarding biofertilizers?
Answer: (3) Synthetic fertilizers do not cause pollution.
Explanation: Synthetic fertilizers can contribute to pollution, particularly through nutrient runoff that leads to water eutrophication.
#48. What happens to activated sludge?
Answer: (3) The major part of the sludge is pumped into large tanks called anaerobic sludge digesters.
Explanation: Activated sludge is sent to anaerobic digesters for further treatment and decomposition.
#49. The remaining major part of activated sludge is pumped into large tanks called ________.
Answer: (4) anaerobic sludge digesters
Explanation: In anaerobic sludge digesters, the remaining organic matter in activated sludge is decomposed without oxygen.
#50. Which of the following statement is incorrect with respect to pectinases?
Answer: (3) They are obtained from Byssochlamysfulva.
Explanation: Pectinases are typically obtained from fungi such as Aspergillus or Trichoderma species, not Byssochlamysfulva.